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James Mason (November 19, 1849 – January 12, 1905) was an Irish-born chess player, journalist and writer, who became one of the world's best half dozen players in the 1880s. ==Biography== Mason was born in Kilkenny in Ireland. His original name is unknown: he was adopted as a child and only took the name James Mason when he and his family moved to the United States in 1861. There he learned chess and eventually secured a job at the ''New York Herald''. Mason made his first mark on the chess scene in 1876, when he won the Fourth American Congress in Philadelphia, the New York Clipper tournament, and defeated Henry Bird in a match by the comfortable margin of 13–6. In 1878 he settled in England.〔 His best tournament results were third at the strong Vienna 1882 tournament, third at Nuremberg 1883 and equal second at Hamburg 1885. At Hastings 1895, often considered the strongest tournament of the nineteenth century,〔Garry Kasparov calls Hastings 1895 "the most important tournament of the nineteenth century". Garry Kasparov, ''My Great Predecessors, Part I'', Everyman Publishers, 2003, p. 126. ISBN 1-85744-330-6.〕〔Arthur Bisguier and Andrew Soltis call Hastings 1895 the "greatest tournament of the nineteenth century". Arthur Bisguier and Andrew Soltis, ''American Chess Masters from Morphy to Fischer'', Macmillan, 1974, p. 53. ISBN 0-02-511050-0.〕 he finished tied for 12th–14th with 9½ points of 21 possible.〔Andy Soltis, ''The Great Chess Tournaments and Their Stories'', Chilton Book Company, 1975, p. 76. ISBN 0-8019-6138-6.〕 Mason wrote several books on chess, the most popular being ''The Principles of Chess in Theory and Practice'' (1894), ''The Art of Chess'' (1895), ''Chess Openings'' (1897), and ''Social Chess'' (1900). In 1903 he became seriously ill and had to curtail almost all activities for the remainder of his life. He died on 12 January 1905 in Rochford, Essex, and is buried in nearby Thundersley churchyard. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「James Mason (chess player)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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